More recent studies have suggested that IQ can be measured in a subset of simple single-player video games as well as through tasks embedded in game-like environments. While individual player IQs did not predict initial performance in Space Fortress, they did predict learning rates and, therefore, performance once players had engaged with the game long enough to become practised. who correlated scores from the Alice-Heim (AH-4) IQ test with performance in ‘ Space Fortress’ an arcade-like single player game developed by psychologists.
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This notion was extended to the domain of video games by Rabbitt et al. For example, expert chess players have above average intelligence and that the correlation between skill level as approximated by rank and IQ scores (fluid and crystallised intelligence measurements) explains up to 30% of the variance. Later studies consolidated the link between intelligence and game performance. He went on to suggest that strategy games tap a number of facets of intelligence: visualization of possible moves, short-term memory rehearsal and the ability delay immediate gratification to increase future rewards (for example, sacrificing a piece in chess in order to win the game in a later turn). Spitz formalized this connection with specific subpopulations, pointing out that performance in a wide variety of strategy games such as Tic-Tac-Toe or the Towers of Hanoi can be linked to mental ability.
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Games of strategy, such as chess or mancala, can be found across cultures and skilled performance in these games has been associated with intelligence historically.